Skip to main content

RUST Cargo Package Manager Explained

Simple rust programs like hello world are having smaller source codes and doesn’t have much complexity and dependencies. But while coding larger and complex programs, there will be multiple dependencies and for managing that, it is wise to use Cargo. Cargo is a package manager tool that is used to perform the tasks such as building the code, downloading and building the libraries the code depends. The Cargo is usually included with the Rust installation. But if using IDEs, we need to install the required plugin to support the Cargo.

Building a Cargo project
Let’s create a new project using Cargo. In this example, I am creating a Cargo package named as ex2_cargo.


Cargo new ex2_cargo command will create the cargo package. Once the command is successfully executed, browse in to the newly created ex2_cargo directory. You can see a couple of files and a src folder inside the cargo package directory.

  


The source code will always reside inside the src folder. .gitignore is a Git directory which is autogenerated. The important configuration file of a cargo package is the Cargo.toml file. TOML stands for Tom’s Obvious, Minimal Language, which is Cargo’s configuration format. Open the Cargo.toml file in a text editor.


The first section [package] indicates that the following statements are configuring a cargo package. These sections are editable and if need to add more information, we can add it.

The following lines set the configuration information Cargo needs to compile your program. The name, version, author of the code, and the rust edition. Cargo gets the information such as name, author, email from your working environment.

The last line [dependencies], is the section to define the dependencies that is used in this project.
Also note that, while we created a new Cargo package, it also creates a sample source code “main.rs”, which is the hello world program, by default and it resides inside the src folder.

In this way Cargo organize the project. All your source code will reside inside the src folder. All other information related to the project is placed at the top-level Cargo directory.
Now let’s build and run the cargo project.


Cargo build command creates an executable file in target/debug/ex2_cargo.exe. Once the command is successfully executed, you may browse in to the debug folder.
You can see a new folder named target is created. The executable file will be created inside this, under the debug folder.
Run the ex2.cargo.exe and you can see the output successfully. Also note Cargo.lock file keeps track of the exact versions of dependencies in the project and it updates automatically.
If you don’t want to create the executable and just want to compile the code, then you may use cargo check command. While writing larger code, you can run cargo check command to continuously monitor the code and the compilation success. This is the fastest way to check the code health.
Alternatively, you can use the cargo run command to the output. This command will compile and run the code in a single shot.

Look forward >> The skills for your tomorrow with courses as low as $10.99

Popular posts from this blog

Download Microsoft Office 2019 offline installer.

When you do malware analysis of documents or office files, it is important to have Microsoft Office installed in your Lab machine. I am using flare VM and it doesn't comes with MS Office. Since Microsoft is promoting Microsoft 365 over the offline version, finding the offline installer is not that easy. Here is the list of genuine Microsoft links to download the office .img files.  Download Microsoft Office 2019 Professional Plus : https://officecdn.microsoft.com/db/492350F6-3A01-4F97-B9C0-C7C6DDF67D60/media/en-US/ProPlus2019Retail.img Download Microsoft Office 2019 Professional : https://officecdn.microsoft.com/db/492350F6-3A01-4F97-B9C0-C7C6DDF67D60/media/en-US/Professional2019Retail.img Download Microsoft Office 2019 Home and Business : https://officecdn.microsoft.com/db/492350F6-3A01-4F97-B9C0-C7C6DDF67D60/media/en-US/HomeBusiness2019Retail.img Download Microsoft Office 2019 Home and Student : https://officecdn.microsoft.com/db/492350F6-3A01-4F97-B9C0-C7C6DDF67D60/media/en-U...

RUST error: linker `link.exe` not found

While compiling Rust program in a windows environment, you may encounter the error : linker `link.exe` not found. This is because of the absence of the C++ build tools in your machine. For compiling Rust programs successfully, one of the prerequisites is the installation of the Build Tools for Visual Studio 2019.   Download the Visual Studio 2019 Build tools from the Microsoft website. After the download, while installing the Build tools, make sure that you install the required components (highlighted in Yellow) This will download around 1.2GB of required files. Once everything is successfully installed, reboot and re-run your rust program and it will compile successfully.   Read More on RUST Hello World Rust Program : Code explained RUST Cargo Package Manager Explained Data Representation in Rust.

Cisco ASA: Disable SSLv3 and configure TLSv1.2.

For configuring TLS v1.2, the ASA should run software version 9.3(2) or later. In earlier versions of ASA, TLS 1.2 is not supported.If you are running the old version, it's time to upgrade. But before that i will show you the config prior to the change. I am running ASA version 9.6.1 Now ,set the server-version to tlsv1.2, though ASA supports version tlsv1.1, its always better to configure the connection to more secure. Server here in the sense, the ASA will be act as the server and the client will connect to the ASA.     #ssl server-version tlsv1.2 set the client-version to tlsv1.2, if required.     #ssl client-version tlsv1.2 ssl cipher command in ASA offers 5 predefined security levels and an additional custom level.     #ssl cipher tlsv1.2 high we can see the setting of each cipher levels using #show ssl cipher command. Now set the DH group to 24, which is the strongest offered as of now in the AS...

How to Install Netmiko on Windows?

Netmiko, developed by kirk Byers is an open source python library  based on Paramiko which simplifies SSH management to network devices and is primarily used for network automation tasks. Installing Netmiko in linux is a matter o f one single command but if you need to use Netmiko in your Windows PC, follow this process. 1) Install the latest version of Python. 2) Install Anaconda, which is an opensource distribution platform that you can install in Windows and other OS's (https://www.anaconda.com/download/) 3) From the Anaconda Shell, run “ conda install paramiko ”. 4) From the Anaconda Shell, run “ pip install scp ”. 5) Now Install the Git for Windows. (https://www.git-scm.com/downloads) . Git is required for downloading and cloning all the Netmiko library files from Github. 6) From Git Bash window, Clone Netmiko using the following command git clone https://github.com/ktbyers/netmiko&#8221         7) Onc...

Recovery Procedure: Alcatel-Lucent Omni-Switch not booting AOS: Going to Mini-boot prompt.

Problem: Switch not booting AOS; Going to Mini-boot prompt. Model: Alcatel-Lucent OS6850 [Note:The same procedure might be applicable for different models of Omni-Switches, However, for this illustration, i have used OS-6850 ] Reason: This problem may occurs due to corrupt AOS image files or misconfigured boot parameters. Hence switch cannot boot the images properly and will go to Mini-boot prompt.  Work Around: [Note: This zmodem procedure consumes a lot to time to finish the process.] 1.) Power off your OS6850 2.) When you switched it back on, stop it before the Miniboot (there is some counter counting down from 4). Press Enter to break. 3.) You will have the following prompt " => " 4.) Enter " setenv baudrate 115200 ”. Increasing baudrate helps to increase the data transfer speed using zmodem. 5.) Enter " saveenv " 6.) Enter " boot " 7.) The switch should run now in baud rate 115200 (so you have to change your clients ter...

[FIX] yt_dlp.utils.DownloadError: ERROR: You have requested merging of multiple formats but ffmpeg is not installed

[ISSUE] While running your python code or while executing a job : yt_dlp.utils.DownloadError: ERROR: You have requested merging of multiple formats but ffmpeg is not installed [CAUSE] Your code is unable to find ffmpeg installed in your system. [FIX] Install ffmpeg in your system. 1) Download ffmpeg package from Git or already compiled executable from the official website .  2) Once downloaded, extract the zip file and place it in your desired location. eg: C:\  3) Now add the ffmpeg bin directory location in the user environment variable path.     In the User variables section. Select Path and click on New.  Click on New and add the path. Now compile your code and it should work. For the python code to download YouTube playlist, visit https://github.com/jaacostan/YTDL

[FIX] Can't locate Net/SNMP.pm in @INC (you may need to install the Net::SNMP module)

I was trying to use the snmpenum.pl in my lab and encountered this error. Can't locate Net/SNMP.pm in @INC (you may need to install the Net::SNMP module) I searched over the internet for the fix , but couldn't able to find something direct. However, going through some of the stackoverflow pages, i fixed it and is explained below. 1) First install the required packages related to snmp utilities. sudo apt-get install libsnmp-perl 2) Install the SNMP module for perl. perl -MCPAN -e 'install Net::SNMP' That's it. And i was able to run the script.